Nginx 是一款轻量级的 Web 服务器、反向代理服务器，由于它的内存占用少，启动极快，高并发能力强，在互联网项目中广泛应用。
在使用中，经常将其用到以下几个方面：
- 反向代理 SPA/SSR 应用
- 负载均衡
# Ubuntu 配置 Nginx
安装 nginx：
sudo apt-get install nginx
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重启 nginx 前，需要测试 nginx 配置是否正确：
sudo nginx -t
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重新加载 nginx：
sudo nginx -s reload
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不特殊指定，默认加载/etc/conf/nginx.conf 的配置。
# 基础 nginx 配置解读
对于nginx version: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)版本的 nginx，默认配置如下所示：
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
##
# SSL Settings
##
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
# gzip_vary on;
# gzip_proxied any;
# gzip_comp_level 6;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
#mail {
# # See sample authentication script at:
# # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
# # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
# # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
# server {
# listen localhost:110;
# protocol pop3;
# proxy on;
# }
#
# server {
# listen localhost:143;
# protocol imap;
# proxy on;
# }
#}
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几个重要的点：
- user：代表执行 nginx 的用户，可以换成权限更高的用户
- http/mail：代表 http/邮箱服务的配置
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf：加载 conf.d 下的所有以.conf 结尾的配置文件
在配置的时候，一般都将对应的配置文件放在/etc/nginx/conf.d/。