Ubuntu配置Nginx

Nginx 是一款轻量级的 Web 服务器、反向代理服务器，由于它的内存占用少，启动极快，高并发能力强，在互联网项目中广泛应用。

在使用中，经常将其用到以下几个方面：

• 反向代理 SPA/SSR 应用
• 负载均衡

# Ubuntu 配置 Nginx

安装 nginx：

sudo apt-get install nginx

重启 nginx 前，需要测试 nginx 配置是否正确：

sudo nginx -t

重新加载 nginx：

sudo nginx -s reload

不特殊指定，默认加载/etc/conf/nginx.conf 的配置。

# 基础 nginx 配置解读

对于nginx version: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)版本的 nginx，默认配置如下所示：

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
	worker_connections 768;
	# multi_accept on;
}

http {

	##
	# Basic Settings
	##

	sendfile on;
	tcp_nopush on;
	tcp_nodelay on;
	keepalive_timeout 65;
	types_hash_max_size 2048;
	# server_tokens off;

	# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
	# server_name_in_redirect off;

	include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;

	##
	# SSL Settings
	##

	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
	ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

	##
	# Logging Settings
	##

	access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
	error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

	##
	# Gzip Settings
	##

	gzip on;

	# gzip_vary on;
	# gzip_proxied any;
	# gzip_comp_level 6;
	# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
	# gzip_http_version 1.1;
	# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

	##
	# Virtual Host Configs
	##

	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
	include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#	# See sample authentication script at:
#	# http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
#	# auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#	# pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#	# imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
#	server {
#		listen     localhost:110;
#		protocol   pop3;
#		proxy      on;
#	}
#
#	server {
#		listen     localhost:143;
#		protocol   imap;
#		proxy      on;
#	}
#}

几个重要的点：

• user：代表执行 nginx 的用户，可以换成权限更高的用户
• http/mail：代表 http/邮箱服务的配置
• include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf：加载 conf.d 下的所有以.conf 结尾的配置文件

在配置的时候，一般都将对应的配置文件放在/etc/nginx/conf.d/。